By

文章目录
  1. 1. 此篇以Ubuntu下的AT89S52，S51+SDCC+USBASP的开发环境搭建来进行说明。

此篇以Ubuntu下的AT89S52，S51+SDCC+USBASP的开发环境搭建来进行说明。

系列说明：LINUX下程序开发具有一定的成熟性，但是对于跨平台的包括部分的MCU，FPGA还并未被广泛使用,本系列将针对51系列的MCU.跟大家分享下。

环境如下：

  • OS系统 : ubuntu 12.04
  • 编译器 : sdcc
  • 烧录软件 : avrdude
  • 烧录器件 : usbasp 开发板：

开发板的确是有个小的，不过这意搭接了一个个人的小面包板版本。

如下图:HARDWARE
最好弄运行的时候只需要电池1.2V*4，用了3个3.6V就可行（我的电池座忘带了，直接连起来）～建议最好有个USB接出来的5V电源或者自己有个变压器做的稳压电源，面包板上有一个电源小板子就是如此功能，不过这里没有使用。

注:旁边的小板子是USBASP,也有供电功能～此处就放在那里做个合影。

软件准备工作:

软件安装，软件安装建议使用ubuntu的软件中心，比较方便。需要sdcc，avrdude即可了。文本编辑什么都行。也可以集成在codeblocks和eclipse里面，ubuntu下有个51MCU的IDE，可以下来用‘mcu8051ide’。

对于命令行可以如下安装。对于一些附带库和文档自行选择即可～

1
2
sudo apt-get install avrdude
sudo apt-get install sdcc

测试开始
开始之前需要先写一个main.c的程序

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
#include <8052.h>
typedef unsigned int size_t;
 
#define LED P0_0
 
void delay(size_t t)
{
        while(t--);
}
 
void main()
{
        while(1)
        {
                LED = 0;
                delay(20000);
                LED = 1;
                delay(20000);
        }
}

这是一个很简单让一个小灯blink的程序。

编译：

之后就要编译程序把程序变成单片机能使用的*.elf *.bin *.hex之类

这里使用的是SDCC默认编译出现的*.ihx (intel hex)

在当前目录下执行

1
sdcc -mmcs51 main.c

-mmcs51 也可以-默认

配置avrdude:

使用avrdude烧写

我们不能直接使用avrdude烧写，这是因为它默认只支持AVR芯片，但是通过一些配置，我们可以使用它来烧写。

对于8051芯片，有三种配置文件，分别适用于不同的型号。看看你要哪一种，然后复制到/etc/avrdude.conf并保存。

sudo gedit /etc/avrdude.conf

For AT89S51

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
#------------------------------------------------------------
# AT89S51
#------------------------------------------------------------
part
    id               = "8052";
    desc             = "AT89S51";
    signature        = 0x1E 0x51 0x06;
    chip_erase_delay = 500000;
    pgm_enable       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    0 1 0 1  0 0 1 1",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    chip_erase       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    1 0 0 x  x x x x",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    timeout      = 200;
    stabdelay      = 100;
    cmdexedelay      = 25;
    synchloops      = 32;
    bytedelay      = 0;
    pollindex      = 3;
    pollvalue      = 0x53;
    predelay      = 1;
    postdelay      = 1;
    pollmethod      = 0; 

    memory "flash"
        size            = 4096;
        paged           = no;
        min_write_delay = 4000;
        max_write_delay = 9000;
        readback_p1     = 0xff;
        readback_p2     = 0xff;
        read            = "  0   0   1   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x   x a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  o   o   o   o    o   o   o   o"; 

        write           = "  0   1   0   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x   x a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  i   i   i   i    i   i   i   i";
   mode      = 0x21;
   delay      = 12;
      ; 

    memory "signature"
        size            = 3;
        read            = "0  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   x  x  x  0   0  0 a1 a0",
                          "0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   o  o  o  o   o  o  o  o";
      ;
  ;

For AT89S52

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
#------------------------------------------------------------
# AT89S52
#------------------------------------------------------------
part
    id               = "8052";
    desc             = "AT89S52";
    signature        = 0x1E 0x52 0x06;
    chip_erase_delay = 500000;
    pgm_enable       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    0 1 0 1  0 0 1 1",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    chip_erase       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    1 0 0 x  x x x x",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    timeout      = 200;
    stabdelay      = 100;
    cmdexedelay      = 25;
    synchloops      = 32;
    bytedelay      = 0;
    pollindex      = 3;
    pollvalue      = 0x53;
    predelay      = 1;
    postdelay      = 1;
    pollmethod      = 0; 

    memory "flash"
        size            = 8192;
        paged           = no;
        min_write_delay = 4000;
        max_write_delay = 9000;
        readback_p1     = 0xff;
        readback_p2     = 0xff;
        read            = "  0   0   1   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x   x a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  o   o   o   o    o   o   o   o";

        write           = "  0   1   0   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x   x a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  i   i   i   i    i   i   i   i";
   mode      = 0x21;
   delay      = 12;
      ; 

    memory "signature"
        size            = 3;
        read            = "0  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   x  x  x  0   0  0 a1 a0",
                          "0  0  0  0   0  0  0  0   o  o  o  o   o  o  o  o";
      ;
  ;

For AT89S8253

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
#------------------------------------------------------------
# AT89S8253
#------------------------------------------------------------
part
    id               = "8253";
    desc             = "AT89S8253";
    chip_erase_delay = 20000;
    pgm_enable       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    0 1 0 1  0 0 1 1",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    chip_erase       = "1 0 1 0  1 1 0 0    1 0 0 x  x x x x",
                       "x x x x  x x x x    x x x x  x x x x"; 

    timeout      = 200;
    stabdelay      = 100;
    cmdexedelay      = 25;
    synchloops      = 32;
    bytedelay      = 0;
    pollindex      = 3;
    pollvalue      = 0x53;
    predelay      = 1;
    postdelay      = 1;
    pollmethod      = 0; 

    memory "flash"
        size            = 12288;
        paged           = no;
        min_write_delay = 4000;
        max_write_delay = 9000;
        readback_p1     = 0xff;
        readback_p2     = 0xff;
        read            = "  0   0   1   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x a13 a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  o   o   o   o    o   o   o   o";

        write           = "  0   1   0   0    0   0   0   0",
                          "  x   x a13 a12  a11 a10  a9  a8",
                          " a7  a6  a5  a4   a3  a2  a1  a0",
                          "  i   i   i   i    i   i   i   i";
   mode      = 0x21;
   delay      = 12;
      ; 

    memory "signature"
        size            = 2;
        readback_p1     = 0x1E;
        readback_p2     = 0x73;
        read            = "0  0  1  0   1  0  0  0   x  x  x  x   x  x  x  x",
                          "x  x  1  1   0  0  0 a0   o  o  o  o   o  o  o  o";
      ;
  ;

特意要说明一下的是，网上有些配置在S51和S52的delay的参数上给的20000，这个delay太短了，在验证代码的时候会出错。因此还是建议用如上的配置。

使用avrdude烧写:

配置完成后要用main.ihx进行烧写,在终端执行
make program
(makefile见后文)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
monkey@monkey-ThinkPad-E425:~/McuWork/51_SDCC/workpace/Blink$ make program 
sudo avrdude -p 8052 -c usbasp -e -U flash:w:'./main.ihx'

avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.01s

avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e5206
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: reading input file "./main.ihx"
avrdude: input file ./main.ihx auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: writing flash (140 bytes):

Writing | ################################################## | 100% 1.69s

avrdude: 140 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against ./main.ihx:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file ./main.ihx:
avrdude: input file ./main.ihx auto detected as Intel Hex
avrdude: input file ./main.ihx contains 140 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:

Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.57s

avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 140 bytes of flash verified

avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK

avrdude done.  Thank you.

monkey@monkey-ThinkPad-E425:~/McuWork/51_SDCC/workpace/Blink$

选项说明(Options)：

avrdude文档

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
-p specifies the type of the MCU connected to the programmer.  
-c specifies the default programmer  
-e causes a chip erase to be executed.  
-U memtype:op:filename  
The op field specifies what operation to perform:  
 r read device memory and write to the specified file  
 w read data from the specified file and write to the device memory  
 v read data from both the device and the specified file and perform a verify

总图:WHOLE

使用USBASP前请用lsusb查看一下是否能检测到。并且注意STC的串口软件没有在linux下版本，USBASP使用的是ISP接口，对于AT89C51,AT89C52是无法使用的切记。

USBASP是开源的一款硬件,
USBASP制作

USBASP固件 (以防有的固件比较老不支持)

附录：

单源文件简易Makefile

make : 编译

make hex : 生成*.hex

make program : 烧录

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
#=============================================================================
#     FileName: Makefile
#         Desc: sdcc signal file
#       Author: Galaxy2416(Gin)
#        Email: sunxiao.gin@gmail.com
#     Compiler: sdcc
#      Version: 0.0.1
#   LastChange: 2012-05-19 16:30:35
#      History:
#=============================================================================


CC=sdcc

SOURCE = $(wildcard *.c)


all :
	$(CC) -mmcs51 $(SOURCE) 
hex:
	packihx '$(wildcard *.ihx)' > '$(patsubst %.ihx,%.hex,$(wildcard *.ihx))'

program : 
	sudo avrdude -p 8052 -c usbasp -e -U flash:w:'./$(wildcard *.ihx)'

.PHONY:	clean
clean:
	rm -f *.bak
	rm -f *.rel
	rm -f *.asm
	rm -f *.lst
	rm -f *.sym
	rm -f *.map
	rm -f *.lnk
	rm -f *.mem
	rm -f *.i
	rm -f *.d
	rm -f *.rst
文章目录
  1. 1. 此篇以Ubuntu下的AT89S52，S51+SDCC+USBASP的开发环境搭建来进行说明。